INJECTION TECHNIQUE – Purpose, Factors Favoring Absorption, Types, Principles, General Instructions, Equipment Needed, Procedure and Complication of Injections (COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING)
Injections are parental therapy; it is the forcing of a fluid into a cavity, a blood vessel or body tissue through a hollow tube or needle
PURPOSES OF INJECTION
- To get a rapid systemic effect of the drug
- To provide the needed effect even when the patient is unconscious
- To give nourishment, when it cannot be taken by mouth
- To restore blood volume
- To obtain a local effect at the sight of the injection
FACTORS FAVORING ABSORPTION
- Blood supply to the area
- The composition of the fluid injection
- Application of heat
- Massage
- Circulation time of the blood
- Physical conditions
- Additions of the substances
TYPES OF INJECTIONS
- Intradermal: drug introduced into the dermis
- Subcutaneous: drug introduced into the subcutaneous
- Intramuscular: drug injected into the muscles
- Intravenous: medicine injected into a vein
- Intraspinal: medicine introduced into the spinal cavity
- Intraperitoneal: drug introduced into the peritoneal cavity
- Intraosseous: drug introduced into the bone marrow
- Infusions: large amount of drug or fluids introduced into the body
- Transfusions: introduction of blood into a vein or artery
PRINCIPLES INVOLVED IN INJECTION TECHNIQUES
- The knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the body is essential for the safe administration of the injection
- If carelessly given, injections are means of introducing infection into the body
- Drugs that change the chemical composition of the blood will endanger the life of the patient, if not used cautiously
- Any unfamiliar situation produces anxiety
- Once a drug is injected it is irretrievable. Antidote may be available for particular medications but the best anecdote is prevention
- Organization and planning resulting in the economy of time, material, and effort
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
- The nurse will have responsibilities for including injection on articles in the bag
- Immunizations and other injections are given in clinic, homes, health centers and schools
- Hypodermic injection is frequently taught in homes where a diabetic person must give his or her own injection
EQUIPMENT NEEDED
- Hand washing articles
- Sterile syringes in a tray or as disposable syringe with needle
- Spirit in a plastic container
- Cotton swab with spirit
- Paper bag for washes/kidney tray
- Prescribed injection in an ampoule or vial
PROCEDURE
- Wash hands thoroughly
- Inform the patient about her procedure
- Follow the rule of right
- Take out the needed articles from the bag
- Sterile technique to be followed
- Select the injected site depends up on the age and condition of patient
- One person, one needle and one syringe principle to be followed
- Cleanse the site of injection with spirit
- Cleanse the rubber caps, and ampoule necks with spirit
- Hold puncture side tight, insert needle withdraw piston to ascertain position of needle in relation to vein
- Observe the person for reaction before and after giving the injection
- Wash hands and record the medication, time, quantity and name of the injection
- Replace the articles after cleaning
COMPLICATIONS OF INJECTIONS
- Allergic reactions
- Infections
- Pyrogenic reactions
- Accidental intravenous injection
- Over dose or under dose of medication
- Errors in the administration of medications
- Serum hepatitis
