TENSILON TEST (EDROPHONIUM BROMIDE) – Indications, Purpose, Equipment, Procedure, Method, Follow-up, Cholinergic Side Effects of Edrophonium, Positive Test, Utility of Tensilon Test, False Positive Results, Client Preparation, Preparation and After Care The Tensilon test is a pharmacological challenge study performed to assist in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. The drug used in edrophonium chloride (Tensilon), …
MYELOGRAPHY – Definition, Purpose, Indications, General Instructions, Client Preparation, Procedure and After Care Myelography or myelogram is an X-ray of the spinal subarachnoid space taken after an opaque or air is injected into the spinal subarachnoid space through a spinal puncture. It is also a diagnostic procedure used to visualize the lumbar, thoracic or cervical …
LUMBAR PUNCTURE – Definition, Purpose, Indications, General Instructions, Special Considerations, Equipment Needed, Queckensted’t Test (Lumbar Manometric Test), After Care, Contraindications and Complications Lumbar puncture (LP) is an invasive procedure; it is carried out by inserting a needle into the lumbar subarachnoid space directly into the intervertebral space in order to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic …
INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE MONITORING – Indications, Classification, General Instructions, Client and Environment Preparation, Equipment, Procedure, Interpreting ICP Waveforms and After Care DEFINITION Intracranial pressure monitoring measures the presence exerted by the brain, blood and cerebrospinal fluid against the inside of the skull INDICATIONS Head trauma with bleeding or edema Over production or insufficient absorption of CSF …
GLASGOW COMA SCALE – Purpose, Description of the GCS, Equipment, Procedure, Eye Open, Best Motor Response, Verbal Response and Interpretation The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is an assessment tool designed to note trends in a client’s response to stimuli The Glasgow Coma Scale can be used as an effective assessment tool. In order to achieve …
ECHOENCEPHALOGRAPHY – Reference Values, Interfering Factors, Indications for Echoencephalography, Client Preparations and Procedure Echoencephalography is an ultrasound study performed to assist in the diagnosis of abnormalities of the midline cerebral structures that are associated with pathology, especially that shift of a ventricle. The procedure has generally been replaced by computer tomography (CT) in adults and …
DIGITAL SUBTRACTION ANGIOGRAPHY – Definition, Purpose, Indications, Factors Interference, Special Instructions, Client Preparation, Procedure, After Care and Disadvantages Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is a newer method of visualization of vascular structures. Less contrast medium is required, when compared with cerebral angiography. The image produced is made more distinct by the elimination of surrounding and interfering …
CISTERNAL PUNCTURE – Definition, Purpose, Client Preparation, Procedure and After Care Cisternal puncture is done mainly if lumbar puncture is contraindicated. One rare occasion, access to the CSF cannot be made by LP and cisternal puncture may be used. Cisternal puncture is performed either to drain CSF or to obtain a CSF specimen when there …
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID FLOW MONITORING – Reference Values, Indications, Contraindications, Nursing Care Before the Procedure, Procedure and Nursing Care After the Procedure Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow scanning is a nuclear study performed to evaluate patency and filling of the CSF pathways and the reabsorption or leakage of CSF. It is most commonly used to diagnose surgically …
CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW MONITORING – Definition, Indications, Client and Environment Preparation, Special Considerations, Equipment, Setting up the Sensor Monitor, Procedure, Care of the Insertion Site, Removing the Sensor and After Care DEFINITION Cerebral blood flow (CBF) monitoring is estimated blood flow in neurologically compromised client’s by calculating cerebral perfusion pressure. A sensor placed on the …
