CORD BLOOD BANKING – TRANSFUSION, USES, BANKING, INDICATIONS, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CORD BLOOD BANKING CORD BLOOD TRANSFUSION Cord blood is the blood obtained from placenta and in the attached umbilical cord. Sources of stem cells include bone marrow, peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, fetal organs and artificially produced human embryos in vitro. Cord blood …
ZINC AND SELENIUM – SOURCES, SYNDROME AND SUPPLEMENTS ZINC Zinc is present in many enzymes. Highest concentration occurs in the liver, voluntary muscle, bone, prostate, and ocular structures. Foods such as meat, fish, peas and cereals contain zinc. Daily requirement is not clearly known, but is around 15 mg. Dietary deficiency is very rare. Zinc …
YELLOW FEVER – Etiology, Distribution and Incidence, Distribution and Incidence, Transmission and Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Pathology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Yellow fever is an acute mosquito-borne infection of varying severity characterized by the triad of hepatitis, hemorrhagic diathesis and proteinuria. Etiology The causative virus is an arbo virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus, …
X-linked Inheritance – Sex Chromosome Related Disorders, X-linked Recessive Inheritance and X-linked Dominant Inheritance Sex Chromosome Related Disorders In all females one of the ‘X’ chromosome derived from either parent undergoes inactivation at the early period of gestation, in a random manner governed by the laws of probability Lyon’s hypothesis (1961). Females, therefore contain a …
WHOOPING COUGH – PERTUSSIS – Definition, Pathology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention DEFINITION The term pertussis, which means intensive cough, is an acute respiratory infection, seen more commonly in young children. The disease is also more serious in them. The term “whooping cough” is derived from the occurrence of progressive repetitive paroxysms of cough …
WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS – THIAMINE THIAMINE (VITAMIN B1 – ANEURINE) Thiamine plays an essential part in the metabolism of carbohydrates by acting as a coenzyme required for the decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A. It also takes part in other steps of the Kreb’s tricarboxylic acid cycle. Cereals contain the vitamin, which is maximal …
VITAMIN E AND K (Fat Soluble Vitamin) – Dietary Sources, Clinical Features, Treatment and Prevention VITAMIN E (ANTI-STERILITY VITAMIN) Vitamin E is a tocopherol. Among the tocopherols alpha tocopherol is the most easily absorbed and biologically most active compound. All vegetable oils, wheat-germ, cotton seeds, egg yolk, butter and peas contain this vitamin and the …
VITAMIN – D – Biological Actions, Daily Requirements, Rickets, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Vitamin D is required for normal metabolism of calcium and phosphorus and for bone formation. It enhances the absorption of these minerals from the gut, their mobilization from bone and the reabsorption of phosphorus by the kidney. Vitamin D1 is …
UNARMED TAPEWORM (Taeniasis saginata) (Beef Tapeworm) – General Characteristics, Life Cycle, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Taeniasis saginata is infection caused by Taenia saginata. This is the commonest among the large tapeworms found in man and is distributed worldwide. Prevalence is highest in areas where beef is a major source of meat. …
TOBACCO SMOKE AND CHEWING – GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT Man has started using tobacco from very ancient times. At present tobacco is consumed for smoking (beedi, cigarette, pipe, cigar, hookah, etc.) or for chewing with or without other constituents such as betel, arecanut, and lime or as snuff applied to the nasal or oral mucosa. …
